charles robert darwin essays

charles robert darwin papers Darwin, Charles Robert (1809-1882), cientã ­fico britnico que sent las bases de la moderna teorã ­a evolutiva, al plantear el concepto de que todas las formas de vida se han desarrollado a travs de un lento proceso de seleccin characteristic. Su trabajo tuvo una influencia decisiva sobre las diferentes disciplinas cientã ­ficas, y sobre el pensamiento moderno en general. Nacido en Shrewsbury, Shropshire, el 12 de febrero de 1809, Darwin fue el quinto hijo de una acomodada y sofisticada familia inglesa. Su abuelo materno fue el prspero empresario de porcelanas Josiah Wedgwood; su abuelo paterno fue el famoso mdico del siglo XVIII Erasmus Darwin. Tras terminar sus estudios en la Shrewsbury School en 1825, Darwin estudi medicina en la Universidad de Edimburgo. En 1827 relinquish la carrera e ingres en la Universidad de Cambridge con el balance de convertirse en ministro de la Iglesia de Inglaterra. Allã ­ conoci a dos influyentes personalidades: el gelogo Adam Sedgwick y el naturalista John Stevens Henslow. Este à ºltimo no slo ayud a Darwin a ganar confianza en sã ­ mismo, sino que tambin inculc a su alumno la necesidad de ser meticuloso y esmerado en la observacin de los fenmenos naturales y la recoleccin de especã ­menes. Tras graduarse en Cambridge en 1831, el joven Darwin se enlist a los 22 a de Henslow, para emprender una expedicin cientã ­fi ca alrededor del mundo. Su trabajo como naturalista a bordo del Beagle le di la oportunidad de observar variadas formaciones geolgicas en distintos continentes e islas a lo largo del viaje, asã ­ como una amplia variedad de fsiles y organismos vivos. En sus observaciones geolgicas, Darwin se mostr&oacut... <!

Northwest Airlines

Presentation Workable business techniques are essential for effective running of any business Company. The sort of technique utilized and actualized decides the degree of progress inside the Company. Systems are generally fabricated dependent on different conditions which may incorporate; the present status of the Company, the Company’s strategies and capacity to concentrate ahead dependent on serious moves and business approaches.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Northwest Airlines explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company’s the board ought to have activity plan which empowers them have upper hand over other related organizations inside the business. This contextual analysis centers around the techniques Northwest Airline Company took for the reasons for expanding the Company’s piece of the overall industry and balancing out its monetary base. The impacts and ramifications of the picked methodologies are investigated d ependent on business and advertising standards (QuickMBA). Examination One of the key qualities of Northwest Airlines is its capacity to serve huge market division the country over. Being one of the household aircrafts, this has been made conceivable through its merger with other suburbanite carriers. They give simple association channels to fly administrations inside the nation by shipping travelers to their bigger partners inside bigger urban areas. Development of between carrier mergers prompted support of specialized and operational administrations through foundation of basic activity and upkeep focuses. This system empowered the carrier contend with significant aircrafts due to their up-evaluated and refreshed administrations. The other quality exists in the showcasing division whereby the aircraft has chosen to incorporate its flights and tasks. The associations between Airlink transporters and Northwest have been appeared with clearness as online as opposed to interline moves , whereby less time and lower cost on charges are included to encourage associations. The technique has position the organization in a superior upper hand subsequently telling great piece of the shopper base (QuickMBA). The prime job of NWA is helping clients in getting refreshed administrations that are sheltered and gainful to the organization. The tasks could be strengthened through establishment of present day mechanized framework inside other Airlink carriers’ frameworks, since it bolsters important working framework furnishing clients with effective client care administrations. The different client needs could be met through establishment of electronic innovation framework which gives clients assortment of decisions on the sort of administrations and items they require. This could likewise enhance the accessibility of airplane subsequently helping the organization decrease on working expenses and interline moves. The new innovation bundle, alluded to as Air+ contains ad ministrations, for example, Flight hour administrations which could help in giving considerably quicker access to planned flights. The innovation simultaneously makes it simple for clients to connection to the administrations of NWA accomplices and pick administrations which meet their private concern targets (QuickMBA).Advertising Looking for paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Management wrangles among people among NWA and other Airlink transporters inside the organization influences the fundamental changes inside general activity components. Various segments inside the organization experience impacts of administration battles through the idea of approaches executed and the sort of initiative set up. Different subunits inside the organization including the showcasing segments consulted with forces of settling on choices have incredible impact on the overall idea of progress experienced. As per key possibility hypothesis the procedure of characteristic choice guarantees that the individuals who are generally equipped for explicit obligations inside the association appreciates most impact in dynamic procedure, thus contributing much towards effective adjustment. Misconception emerges between the staff inferable from their capabilities and experience. Regulation decides the way wherein political strategies are applied by influential people who direct force inside associations; this could be distinguished in the path through which NWA keeps pointing blaming fingers towards their partners if there should be an occurrence of any issue owing prevalence complex. The systems applied by NWA in moving travelers and baggage between bearers appear to take longer than expected. This might be ascribed to bungle between the doors of various bearers which prompts utilization of much time while making moves. Then again little has been accomplished for the motivations behind conveying magnificent administrations online notwithstanding steady vows to buyers. This outcomes into bunches of troubles with regards to associating travelers with their baggage. The other feeble point is air terminal administrations offered via Airlink accomplices which are not generally modern contrasted with NWA administration measures. The new innovation embraced NWA has not honey bee applied by its accomplices making challenges with respect to methodology and data stream concurred to clients. There is poor coordination among the representatives of the particular accomplices inside the merger. This could be described by the nearness of substantial unionized laborers working under heaps of limitations, this is in opposition to other worker lines which are expanded by unpracticed non-unionized representatives acquiring less pay rates. This has prompted nearness of contentions and habitual pettiness with prevalence agreed over NWA, pointing fingers at the lesser workers for most mix-ups. T here is disarray inside the administration board concerning better methods of the board; this could be credited to poor correspondence channels among workers and furthermore between individual carriers inside the merger. Northwest Airline offers higher work cost charges than its partners inside the business, this has made extension forms troublesome since the organization doesn't be able to buy other littler aircrafts inside the merger.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Northwest Airlines explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The other issue incorporates dangers ascending from upkeep and voyaging costs inside the business. There is likewise the issue of how to grow new culture inside the business that could oblige each performing division from other Airlink transporters. There’s likewise danger from other ground-breaking airplane manufacturers imagining incredible structure machines driven by over the top expensive modernized innovation (Quick MBA). Proposals North West Airline should plan to use site to enhance their administrations. They should assemble online administrations for simple direction to clients on tips and thoughts through which they could work without voyaging significant distances. This would enhance their e-ticket deals to clients which will at last offer clients less expensive methods since they won't have to go significant distances to get air tickets or reserve inn spot. Low estimated administrations would assist them with countering the flood of different contenders who despite everything esteem high valuing of administrations inside the market. The low costs would help pulling in many clients particularly during troublesome money related occasions. So as to improve its presentation, NWA ought to try to set up great brand name perceived inside the worldwide market, this aides in keeping up more grounded development required inferable from solid market personality among customers. Making of solid bran d name ought to be used through the low passages charged by the organization. Representatives inside other Airlink don't normally appreciate work and this call for close oversight for ideal work to be finished. Accordingly, supervisors at different limits ought to create process breakdown that involves various assignments performed. Different representatives ought to be prepared through fitting preparing strategies and types of gear that empower them to play out their obligations successfully, this activity ought to be taken by the corporate organization for the motivations behind elevating working norms of different representatives from other little transporters. Installment ought to be made dependent fair and square of execution and time taken to finish an errand. This could be utilized as methods for spurring laborers towards expansion of on their latent capacity prompting high profitability at lower costs (QuickMBA).Advertising Searching for paper on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The organization ought to consider depending on cutting back whereby administration ought to be brought together and simultaneously the vast majority of the duties concurred to representatives decreased. The system centers around introducing edified initiative while staying with the at its serious level. Such a move has incredible effect on the human asset the executives since it helps in lessening pressure experienced on expenses and edges. The flying business is one of the ventures with very high beginning up costs which ensures low pace of new contestants. NWA Company ought to simultaneously expressly use their mechanical expertise and the encounters of staff individuals. The organization has essentially put together their deals with respect to stable brand name dependent on practical innovation which has made it hard for the new contestants to infiltrate the business. So as to maintain a strategic distance from wrangles among representatives, NWA and partner carriers should conce ntrate on preparing and rousing staff laborers for the reasons for working more brilliant. This requires upgrade of the present administration framework supplanting it with new and learned staff. The way toward introducing work station inside the manager’s office was planned for enhancing the timeliness level of the flights. The organization ought to at a similar t

Learned Helplessness - What It Is and Why It Happens

Learned Helplessness - What It Is and Why It Happens Theories Behavioral Psychology Print What Is Learned Helplessness and Why Does it Happen? By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 19, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 08, 2020 Verywell / Nusha Ashjaee More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview History Adults Children Mental Health Conditions Overcoming View All Back To Top When bad things happen, we like to believe that we would do whatever necessary to change the situation. Research on what is known as learned helplessness has shown that when people feel like they have no control over what happens, they tend to simply give up and accept their fate. What Is Learned Helplessness? Learned helplessness occurs when an animal is repeatedly subjected to an aversive stimulus that it cannot escape. Eventually, the animal will stop trying to avoid the stimulus and behave as if it is utterly helpless to change the situation. Even when opportunities to escape are presented, this learned helplessness will prevent any action. While the concept is strongly tied to animal psychology and behavior, it can also apply to many situations involving human beings. When people feel that they have no control over their situation, they may begin to behave in a helpless manner. This inaction can lead people to overlook opportunities for relief or change. The Discovery of Learned Helplessness The concept of learned helplessness was discovered accidentally by psychologists  Martin Seligman  and Steven F. Maier. They had initially observed helpless behavior in dogs that were classically conditioned to expect an electrical shock after hearing a tone. Later, the dogs were placed in a shuttlebox that contained two chambers separated by a low barrier. The floor was electrified on one side, and not on the other. The dogs previously subjected to the  classical conditioning  made no attempts to escape, even though avoiding the shock simply involved jumping over a small barrier. To investigate this phenomenon, the researchers then devised another experiment. In group one, the dogs were strapped into harnesses for a period of time and then released.The dogs in the second group were placed in the same harnesses but were subjected to electrical shocks that could be avoided by pressing a panel with their noses.The third group received the same shocks as those in group two, except that those in this group were not able to control the shock. For those dogs in the third group, the shocks seemed to be completely random and outside of their control. The dogs were then placed in a shuttlebox. Dogs from the first and second group quickly learned that jumping the barrier eliminated the shock. Those from the third group, however, made no attempts to get away from the shocks. Due to their previous experience, they had developed a cognitive expectation that nothing they did would prevent or eliminate the shocks. Learned Helplessness in People The impact of learned helplessness has been demonstrated in different animal species, but its effects can also be seen in people. Consider one often-used example: A child who performs poorly on math tests and assignments will quickly begin to feel that  nothing  he does will have any effect on his math performance. When later faced with any type of math-related task, he may experience a sense of helplessness. Learned helplessness has also been associated with several different psychological disorders. Depression, anxiety,  phobias, shyness, and  loneliness  can all be exacerbated by learned helplessness. For example, a woman who feels shy in social situations may eventually begin to feel that there is nothing she can do to overcome her symptoms. This sense that her symptoms are out of her direct control may lead her to stop trying to engage herself in social situations, thus making her shyness even more pronounced. Researchers have found, however, that learned helplessness does not always generalize across all settings and situations. A student who experiences learned helpless with regards to math class will not necessarily experience that same helplessness when faced with performing calculations in the real world. In other cases, people may experience learned helplessness that generalizes across a wide variety of situations. The Role of Explanatory Styles So what explains why some people develop learned helplessness and others do not? Why is it specific to some situations but more global in others? Many researchers believe that attribution or explanatory styles play a role in determining how people are impacted by learned helplessness. This view suggests that an individuals characteristic style of explaining events helps determine whether or not they will develop learned helplessness. A pessimistic explanatory style is associated with a greater likelihood of experiencing learned helplessness. People with this explanatory style tend to view negative events as being inescapable and unavoidable and tend to take personal responsibility for such negative events. Learned Helplessness in Children Learned helpless often originates in childhood, and unreliable or unresponsive caregivers can contribute to these feelings. This learned helplessness can begin very early in life. Children raised in institutionalized settings, for example, often exhibit symptoms of helplessness even during infancy. When children need help but no one comes to their aid, they may be left feeling that nothing they do will change their situation. Repeated experiences that bolster these feelings of helplessness and hopelessness can result in growing into adulthood ultimately feeling that there is nothing one can do to change his or her problems. Some common symptoms of learned helplessness in children include: Low self-esteemPassivityPoor motivationGiving upLack of effortFrustrationProcrastinationFailure to ask for help Learned helplessness can also result in anxiety, depression, or both. When kids feel that theyve had no control over the past events of their lives, they gain the expectation that future events will be just as uncontrollable. Because they believe that nothing they do will ever change the outcome of an event, kids are often left thinking that they should not even bother trying. Academic struggles can often lead to feelings of learned helplessness. A child who makes an effort to do well but still does poorly may end up feeling that he has no control over his grades or performance. Since nothing he does seems to make any difference, he will stop trying and his grades will suffer even more. Such problems can also affect other areas of the childs life. His poor performance in school can make him feel that nothing he does is right or useful, so he may lose the motivation to try in other areas of his life as well. Learned Helplessness in Mental Health Learned helplessness is thought to contribute to feelings of anxiety and may influence the onset, severity, and persistence of conditions such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). When you experience chronic anxiety, you may eventually give up on finding relief because your anxious feelings seem unavoidable and untreatable. Because of this, people who are experiencing mental health issues such as anxiety or depression may refuse medications or therapy that may help relieve their symptoms. As people age, learned helplessness can become something of a vicious cycle. When encountering problems such as anxiety or depression, people may feel that nothing can be done to ease these feelings. People then fail to seek out options that may help which then contributes to greater feelings of helplessness and anxiety. Overcoming Learned Helplessness So what can people do to overcome learned helplessness?  Research suggests that learned helplessness can be successfully decreased, particularly if intervention occurs during early onset. Long-term learned helplessness can also be reduced, although it may require longer-term effort. Therapy can be effective in reducing symptoms of learned helplessness. In one study, for example, some participants were asked to try to complete an unsolvable task. Those who received a therapeutic intervention after failing at the task were more likely to try again and successfully complete a follow-up task. Those who did not receive an intervention were more likely to experience learned helplessness and give up. So what can people do to overcome learned helplessness? Cognitive-behavioral therapy  is form of psychotherapy that can be beneficial in overcoming the thinking and behavioral patterns that contribute to learned helplessness. The goal of CBT is to help patients identify negative thought patterns that contribute to feelings of learned helplessness and then replace these thoughts with more optimistic and rational thoughts. This process often involves carefully analyzing what you are thinking, actively challenging these ideas, and disputing negative thought patterns. A Word From Verywell Learned helplessness can have a profound impact on mental health and well-being. People who experience learned helplessness are also likely to experience symptoms of  depression, elevated stress levels, and less  motivation  to take care of their physical health. Not everyone responds to experiences the same way. Some people are more likely to experience learned helplessness in the face of uncontrollable events, often due to biological and psychological factors. Children raised by helpless parents, for example, are also more likely to experience learned helplessness. If you feel that learned helplessness might be having a negative impact on your life and health, consider talking to your doctor about steps you can take to address this type of thinking. Further evaluation can lead to an accurate diagnosis and treatment that can help you replace your negative thought patterns with more positive ones. Such treatment may allow you to replace feelings of learned helplessness with a sense of learned optimism instead.

White privilege and the inequality today in South Africa - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1957 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/07/30 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: White Privilege Essay Did you like this example? Introduction This research paper, will be based on the concept of white privilege in mainly the educational sector and investigate whether it truly is the cause of much of the inequality and social issues faced in South Africa such as black poverty and high black unemployment . Secondary and primary material will be gathered from the web and physical books in the form of articles, documentary as well as eBooks (electronic books) which are relevant to the topic of white privilege and its effects on the quality of education for individuals in South Africa. Trying to explain it and its causes. These will be summarized in the form of literature reviews that will be used to add more substance, and validity not to mention weight to the argument that will take form of an essay following after the literature reviews. As the research of the topic develops potent questions will emerge and branch off and will have to be discussed to aid in substantiating the deduction of this paper. Questions like, Can black poverty to a certain extent be blamed on white privilege? or, does white privilege affect black males or black females more?, but at the same time not falling into the trap of telling a single story from one perspective as Chimamanda Adichie a well-known Nigerian author would put it. As there is a great danger of a single story. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "White privilege and the inequality today in South Africa" essay for you Create order This research paper will further explore who has the power to deal with privilege. As some would argue its the government while others would debate its a case where we need white people to realise they possess immense power which they either need to give up or share, instead of using to further personal gain. As there have been instances where white privilege was shared by its white recipient with those who are not afforded the same opportunities as them. As well as instances where a recipient of white privilege acknowledges they are a beneficiary and then try to minimize the effects of the privilege on their life so that they can be in a fair race with others. This paper seeks to explore why either of these have not become a common practice by all white people in South Africa. One doesnt have to search for long or hard to see the effects of this privilege. It can be observed on almost every street corner one can easily spot a black beggar being passed by white commuters who dont eve n look at them twice but as soon as they come across a rare site of a white beggar they are quick to offer them aid, from the element of preference as white is viewed as better. Arguments where the points are raised about whether the use and abuse of privilege by white people has basically shaped the unequal and unethical communities we live in today. In which the most of the black youth are unable to further their studies due to the fact that they come from financially struggling homes. Or how when others from neighboring provinces do make it they are forced to sleep in toilets and lecture rooms as they do not have a place to stay since they cannot afford accommodation. While at the same time their white counterparts do not experience such or even think such is possible due to white privilege shielding them from such. The paper will furthermore seek to prove that people are being deprived of needed opportunities, which would assist in them bettering communities while minimizing if not eradicate the effects of poverty and other social issues such as unemployment or lack of education experience within their communities. But the paper also seeks to address the issue of people needing to understand that white privilege is inherited by these current generations and not created by them so it firstly makes sense that most of them feel they have worked as hard as the next guy of colour to accomplish everything they have. As it also makes sense they are unaware of the fact that they are beneficiaries of white privilege as they have been exposed to it sense birth and that it made it less challenging for them to accomplish everything they have. Secondly that the anger expressed to them by black people is because they are privileged and do not seem to want to acknowledged they are. The tension between the two races further escalates with racism and white superiority coming in to play while they seem to deny the existence of white privilege. In situations where white people seem to think its acceptable to undermine and disrespect black people whether old or young because of the fact they are inferior, poverty stricken and less intelligent than them. A perfect example of this would be Penny Sparrow and her all too familiar comments on Facebook that describe black beachgoers as monkeys, in an apparent reaction to litter left behind after New Years celebrations, even more so basically stating they are uneducated and that are a source of discomfort to others(white people). Or how white people are quick to jump to the aid of a white beggar at a street corner rather than a black one. Such leading to the conclusion that white people only love and value their own hence to the example of the beggar stated above or Penny Sparrows remarks. The same way a white tragedy gets more attention compared than a black tragedy. Which makes it clear that being white carries power because of the past practices and beliefs of Eugenics throughout the world and Apartheid in South Africa. The main issue to be dealt with in this task is how its believed white privilege has become a transparent power that assists white individuals accomplish more in their lives while also shielding them from difficulties, compared to their colored counterparts. Review of literature (Summary of evidence) Source A https://www.plagiarizechecker.com/ The article is written in response to a video that displays where white privilege is in South Africa, as it exposes a white man for assaulting a traffic police officer. The video depicts how the black body is rendered imaginary and the invulnerability of white privilege. The disgraceful appearance of a police officer, a representative of state power, having to get his cap off the ground is a standardized daily occurrence of a black individual. The article goes on to talk about white privilege being an unescapable control with a strong hold on the countrys institutions, mines, farms and courts in this. At the same time it also seems that the government doesnt want to change the conditions of black people or of society. The writer feels that the only explanation that can be given for the officer not retaliating is that he could not bring himself to it because he has accepted it. Just like other black people, that they are utterly defenseless. He has allowed himself to deliberately have a sense of inferiority when in contact with white privilege. The writer goes on to express his views that the worst kind of violence used on a black individual is structural violence, and that the government does nothing to dismantle apartheids legacy on society. In the writers view a solution cannot be found in mass created anger, which mainly gets fueled by political parties that benefit off every racist attack that gets reported by the media. Relationships between political parties and black people need to be reevaluated so that they may realize that the government even after the introduction of democracy has done nothing to change their conditions. REFERENCE: Mapheto, T. (2018). The position of white privilege. [online] News24. Available at: https://www.news24.com/Columnists/Guest/the-position-of-white-privilege-20170210 [Accessed 27 May 2018]. Source B https://www.plagiarizechecker.com/ The article is written by a white South African, called Lisa and shes been asking herself questions about white privilege. Shes goes on to explain that people are customary with the term, but fail to understand the notion behind it. She goes on to acknowledge that shes a beneficiary of white privilege. She states shes had to work hard for everything, but goes on to admit that based on her race shes been afforded opportunities that were not available to nonwhites but that does not mean anything was handed to her. But white privilege has made it easier for her to reach her goals and achievements. In her opinion black people are unhappy with white people because they are depicted as being unable of admitting to be recipients of privilege. Lisa also feels whites need to admit many of them are results of white privilege as that would help in the process of reconciliation, since blacks hold hate towards complete strangers because of their race. Lisa goes on to state that whites must be aware of white privilege and understand while admitting they are beneficiaries. As well as black people need to know white people did not seek privilege, it was inherited. That circumstance created beneficiaries of this privilege. An advantage is given to a white person because of white privilege but all that is being asking is that people understand that. As a white person admitting being a beneficiary of white privilege simply means one is being mindful that because of their skin colour they have been afforded with opportunities. Lisa furthermore explains that acknowledging white privilege is all about being honest and open about the fact that for decades because of having white skin, white people received certain advantages provided to others because of their races. REFERENCE: Hold, L. (2018). I am a beneficiary of white privilege. [online] News24. Available at: https://www.news24.com/MyNews24/i-am-a-beneficiary-of-white-privilege-20171012 [Accessed 27 May 2018]. Source C https://www.plagiarizechecker.com/ The article is written by a white individual Lisa, who witnesses the aggression of racism and white privilege in a Woolworths store in the north of Gauteng. While looking for a meal, she heard a white female raising her voice, speaking in a loud and patronizing voice to the woman working behind the patisserie counter. The worker attempted to mumble a quiet explanation. Lisa then explains how she wanted to help, because she knows the work has to begin within the white community to challenge itself and its own racist elements. She went on to explain as much as the woman was a stranger her tantrum wasnt, because shes also thrown it herself in the past, and the woman working behind the counter is no stranger , and every person in any services position who has to deal with white people and their tantrums. She explains after they left the store she tried to confront her, but her reaction was atrocious. Lisa furthermore explains how she was left there, soon got into her car and drove home, hands shaking and shocked. It took a few hours of crying before deep anger rose and she thought to herself that all this time all she assumed people needed to understand white privilege. But she was wrong especially after the incident she witnessed, the level of violence and hatred said towards her by a complete stranger for confronting her lack of respect showed her as a white person how far behind whites are as a community. She realized how white privilege has deeply engrained and debased white people. And in her opinion that its time white people act, on a daily we witness these incidences occurring. White privilege has dehumanized white people so much that they need to regain their basic ethics and morals and pass then onto the following generations. REFERENCE: Golden, L. (2018). If you are a white South African, please read this The Daily Vox. [online] The Daily Vox. Available at: https://www.thedailyvox.co.za/a-letter-to-white-south-africans/ [Accessed 27 May 2018].

God, Religion and Plato - 1293 Words

Plato brings up a lot of points in his discussions about the philosophy of God and of religion. Many of these points seem to foreshadow what the Christian faith teaches, ideas such as the highest forms, the cultivating a life for the afterlife, and the immortality of the soul, and the idea of just and unjust med and their rewards. Though some of these ideas need to be changed a bit to fit in with each other, the main idea behind their thoughts seem to be parallel. In the following paragraphs I will expand more on how the relationship between Plato’s philosophy of God and religion can be seen in the Christian faith. The first main point of Plato’s philosophy that foreshadows Christianity is the idea of the forms. Plato holds the idea that there are forms, which are the perfection of certain aspects, such as beauty, truth, goodness, etc. Plato says that these forms are the highest things, they are the really real, and that things on earth only participate in the forms. He also describes the forms as separate, simple, and eternal. These forms do not mix, like beauty and goodness are completely separate forms. They are simple in that they can’t be broken down; they just are beauty or goodness. Finally they are eternal meaning that the forms don’t die out like the things on earth, they have no physical body and therefor cannot die. Plato says that things on earth can participate in the forms in the sense that they reflect that form. If we take a flower for example, PlatoShow MoreRelatedPlato And Plato s The Apology1623 Words   |  7 Pagesdetermining how the world worked and its origins/cosmology, as oppose to philosophers such as Plato And Socrates who focused more on ethics or morality. Plato’s conception of God and religion can be depicted in his literatures â€Å"Euthyphro† and â€Å"The Apology† which he expresses through his writings of Socrates in dialogue formation. While one may assume that both Plato and Socrates shared analogous notions of God and religion it is impossible to truly know given the Socratic problem. The problem lies in thatRead MoreWhat did it mean for a man in Ancient Greece to lead a good life, according to Platos’s four dialogs in the Trial and Death of Socrates?1010 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Greece, leading a good life is rather more complex than it is in today’s society. It is evidenced in Plato’s four dialogs in The Trial and Death of Socrates. Through the dialogues of Socrates we can learn that in Ancient Greece education, religion, society in general, law and values played a major role on a person’s way of living a good life. In the dialogues of The Trial and Death of Socrates, society condemned those such as Socrates for changing or questioning their way of life. A personRead MoreThe Influence of Platos Theories on Chrisianity1169 Words   |  5 Pagesworship of these deities was the mainstream of religion during the Helleni stic period until the rise of the great philosophers. Amongst these philosophers, Plato emerged as one of the founding fathers of Western philosophy. Living from roughly 428 BCE until 348 BCE, Plato’s theories predated Christianity by at least four centuries. Because of this, it can be assumed that early Christian worshippers used Plato’s teachings as a basis for their religion. It is evident that there is a surprising amountRead MoreAnalysis Of Plato s The Euthyphro 1723 Words   |  7 Pagesof the greatest reflective thinkers of all time, Plato was the innovator of many written philosophical dialogues. Accompanied by his teacher, Socrates and his most notorious disciple, Aristotle, Plato set the groundworks of Western philosophy and science amid dialogues such as Apology, Euthyphro, Republic and Laws. These dialogues provided some of the earliest handlings of political inquiries from a philosophical viewpoint. In the Euthyphro, Plato composes a dialogue that transpires in 399 BC, weeksRead MoreThe Incompleteness of Pl atos Euthyphro Essay848 Words   |  4 Pagespiety is induced by the non-existence of the Gods, which they declare Socrates implied through out his life. Hence arises the purpose of this interpretation: to demonstrate, by shifting emphasis to the development of the dialogue, that its failure to define piety originates from the mistaken presupposition that doctrines -- systematic explications of religious beliefs -- existed within the ritual religions of the ancient Greeks. Since these religions did not contain doctrines, the presuppositionRead MoreEuthyphro Dialogue Essay examples1485 Words   |  6 PagesIn the dialogue Euthyphro (Cahn and Markie), Plato presents an argument against the divine command meta-ethical theory. While the argument is presented against the predominantly pantheistic Greek religions, the argument can be easily applied to the monotheistic Abrahamic religions. The dialogue starts off with the two main characters: Euthyphro and Socrates. Socrates has been indicted for corrupting the youth of Athens and Euthyphro is indicting his father for murdering a day-labourer who killedRead MorePlato s Redefinition Of Piety Essay1543 Words   |  7 Pagesremove assumptions and preconceived ideas of what religion and piety are about. James Schall, in his essay â€Å"What is Piety?† makes useful note of this sometimes overlooked, but obvious fact: Plato does not have revelation; that is, he does not have available an explanation of the inner life of the Godhead that is itself Trinity. Nor does he have a doctrine of Incarnation, wherein God is also revealed as a specific human being, God and man, one God, but two natures. Nor does he have such a thing asRead MoreSocrates, Plato, and Aristotle884 Words   |  4 PagesFarina Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, three men considered to be the quintessential basis of ancient Greek philosophy. Not only were they responsible for Greek enlightenment, but also foreshadowed the coming of Christ in there speculations. Plato, the protà ©gà © of Socrates, became the first to document the philosophy of his teacher, which in turn is passed down to Aristotle. This process of mentoring aided ancient man in the intellectual evolution of politics and religion, known as the linearRead MoreChristianity, Buddhism, And Confucianism872 Words   |  4 Pagesthere are many different thoughts and explanations about how to live, there is some common ground between them. Throughout the year 600 B.C.E. to the year 600 C.E. the ideas of religion such as Christianity, Buddhism, and Confucianism and philosophy like those of Plato, Laozi, and Socrates. From 600 B.C.E. to 600 B.C. religions began to impact the traditions and attitudes in Europe and Asia resulting in multiple differe nt, but yet similar approaches to the same goal of living morally and truthfullyRead MoreThe Dilemma Of The Euthyphro Dilemma952 Words   |  4 Pagesreaders many good points to understand relativism about morality and connect with religion. Also, this is these dialogues between Euthyphro and Socrates, and it find out in the Plato’s dialogue. In the Euthyphro, Socrates asks whether a thing is pious (or good or right) because it is loved by the Gods (or, in its secular form, ‘loved by someone’), or is a thing loved by the Gods (or someone) because it is pious (or good) (Plato, 1981, 10a); it can be considered one of the questions and the most luminous

Brain Blast! Factors Affecting Retention Free Essays

string(70) " permits a smooth integration of information processing in the brain\." Brain Blast! Factors Affecting Retention BY hypoactive Chapter I Statement of the problem: The different factors affecting retention of fourth year students of Vulcan Ecumenical School Three Specific Questions: Why do some people have a better memory than others? ; How do we remember? ; and Why do we forget? Significance of the Study: To widen the knowledge of the readers about retention; Alms to show different ways on how one can have a better retention; This study Is to benefit students especially those from Vulcan Ecumenical School Scope and Limitation This study mainly focuses on the senior students of Vulcan Ecumenical School. The articles gathered here are a combination of local and foreign literature. Chapter II Review of Related Literature Presented In this chapter Is a synthesis of facts that support the topic the researchers would want to prove. We will write a custom essay sample on Brain Blast! Factors Affecting Retention or any similar topic only for you Order Now Included in the chapter is the definition of memory, parts of the brain that are in charge on remembering and forgetting, connectivity of the brain, a deeper understanding on autobiographical and semantic memory, long term and short term memory, how and why people remember and forget, the reason why some people have a better memory than others and some methods on how one can Improve his/her memory. Local Literature According to Alfonse M. Albany of Philippine star, the human brain weighing roughly one-and-a-half kilos, with a volume more or less half that of a medium-sized coconut, with its about 100 billion neurons, each with some 10,000 interconnections, is probably the most complex structure that we know. Yet, that structural complexity hardly begins to hint at the incredible variety and the enormity of its functions. Surely, this is a case of a whole that is vastly greater than the sum of its parts. Albany said that the brain is the seat of our consciousness and of our emotions, the repository of our memories. It synthesizes and analyses our sensory inputs, decides what behavioral responses are appropriate or necessary to promote our continued survival. And when parts of it fail to perform properly, we are burdened with depression, or schizophrenia, or Alchemist’s diseases, or other such debilitating disorders. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates put it well: â€Å"Men ought to know that from nothing else but the brain come Joys, delights, laughter and sports, and sorrows, grieves, despondency, and lamentations. No wonder the brain has been the subject of intense scientific scrutiny’s for a very long time. A currently active area of study concerns the â€Å"connectivity† of the brain. Physiologists distinguish â€Å"structural† or â€Å"anatomical† connectivity from â€Å"functional† connectivity and both from â€Å"effective† connectivity. The first merely means the physical connections between groups of neurons 1 . The second refers to correlated behaviors of different brain regions. The last involves the transfer of information from one region to another, possibly affecting the behavior of the latter ? a causal connection 2. Our Marvelous Brains On one of the articles of Koruna Sanchez she wrote that because of the amount of information that the human brain receives everyday, a sort of built-in filter kicks in to only allow those that seem important. Otherwise the brain would literally heat up and burn out faster than we would want it to. A good example was when a portrait of the famous Mona Lisa was shown to several persons, they all failed to notice a OF in the background, which of course is not in the original painting. Because we know, or supposed to know what the Mona Lisa looks like, we don’t look at other details anymore. Misdirection’s is another way to distract the brain. So many examples of seduction were shown, which is the bread and butter of a good magician or illusionist, and yes, even con artists and criminals. Your brain is made to focus on something while ignoring everything else. Watching a basketball being passed several times among players while totally ignoring a gorilla that walks among them. And this is what criminals like pickpockets master. That little bump on the shoulder is enough to distract you while they go after your wallet or purse. Or using beautiful women to get the attention of gullible men. You know the rest. Foreign Literature 1. Definition of memory According to lucid research. Mom, the human memory is a complex activity of the brain that allows us to store information and retrieve it again when we need it. There are two discrete memory systems: A system that keeps a record of our personal life experiences is usually called Autobiographical memory. A system that holds the knowledge about the world is called Semantic memory. It is possible for one system to work better than the other because these two work in somewhat different ways. For example, a student might have a good autobiographical memory and recall in detail everything about an event, but a poor semantic memory o failing to remember things that need to be learned in school. Both memory systems can store information from all our senses – vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch – but in semantic memory visual and auditory-verbal modes of information usually predominate, unless another mode was particularly important. For example, a perfume maker would have a very well-developed semantic memory for doors. 2. Get to know your Brain Parts of the brain that is in charge of remembering and forgetting: The Cortex As said by Dry. Paul Nassau, the Cortex 5 is the outer covering of the brain. It is a word that translates to mean â€Å"bark of a tree†. This is one part of the brain that is responsible for your most complicated thinking abilities. Your memory, language, personality, intentional motor skills, spatial ability and visual perception are all controlled by the Cortex. The Medial Section of the Brain This part tends to be older and more primitive. These are responsible for controlling drives, impulses, fears, instincts, emotions, reflexes, subconscious processes and automatic behaviors. Supporter The â€Å"Subcultures† are the deeper brain structures. This permits a smooth integration of information processing in the brain. You read "Brain Blast! Factors Affecting Retention" in category "Papers" 3. Short-term Memory According to Keener Cherry, Short-term memory is also known as primary or active memory. It is the information that comes from giving attention to sensory memories. Duration of short-term Memory: Most of the information stored in this memory usually last for approximately 20 to 30 seconds. While many of our short-term memories are quickly forgotten, attending to this situation allows it to continue on the next stage – Long-term memory. The Capacity of Short-term Memory: â€Å"The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two†, expert psychologist George Miller suggested that people can store between five and nine items. More recent research suggests that people are capable of storing approximately four chunks of information in short-term memory. . Long-term Memory According to Keener Cherry, Long-term memory refers to the continuing storage of information. The information is largely outside of our awareness, but can be called into working memory to be used when needed. Some of the information is easy to recall, while others are more difficult to access. Duration of Long-term Memory: Long-term memories can last for a matter of days to as long as many decades. Types of Long-Term Memory Long-term memory is usually divided into two types – declaratively (explicit) memory ND procedural (implicit) memory. Declarative includes all of the memories that are available in consciousness. Declarative memory can be further divided into episodic memory (specific events) and semantic memory (knowledge about the world). Procedural memory involves memories of body movement and how to use objects in the environment. How to drive a car or use a computer are examples of procedural memories. 5. A deeper understanding about Autobiographical and Semantic Memory According to human-memory. Net, Autobiographical or Episodic memory is a memory system consisting of experiences recollected from an individual’s life. Individuals can see themselves as actors in these events, and the emotional charge and the entire situation surrounded by the event is usually part of the memory. On the other hand, Semantic memory is a more structured record of facts, meanings, concepts and knowledge about the external world that we have attained. As stated by Luke Mastic, semantic memory is generally derived from the episodic memory, in that we learn new facts or concepts from our experiences, and the episodic memory is considered to support and underpin semantic memory. 6. Why do we forget? Lucid research. M says that the human memory is a system which is intended to remember information as well as forget information. Generally, we only retain the information we need for as long as we need it, and then it is forgotten. The human brain is constantly bombarded with huge amount of knowledge, and even though the information storage capacity of the human brain is very large, if we store every single item of information that ever reached our senses from the moment we were born, our memory would totally be overloaded before we started school. The fact is: we simply do not need to retain most of the information we receive each day. We only need to preserve some of that information and can safely forget the rest. The trick is to make sure that the information we do need is stored properly in memory ready for memory for a short time provided we strive to keep it there (e. G. By thinking about it or by rehearsing it to ourselves). This process is called short-term memory or at times working memory because we use this when working on any activity, such as listening to a conversation. But unless we also make an active effort to store that information in long-term memory in a semantic form, it will be forgotten very rapidly. Once in long-term memory, information is reasonably permanent. However, if we don’t use that information we are likely to find a difficult to access when we need it, and the information is not stored very efficiently, it will also be difficult to access. When we say we have forgotten some item of information what we really mean is either: (a) the information was never properly store in long-term memory in the first place, or (b) the information has been stored in long-term memory but we can’t find it because it has been stored in an disorganized way and/or because we haven’t used that information for ages. 7. How do we remember, and why do we forget? An article by Shish Uranus said that the notion of memory is so intriguing that we’ve come up with more metaphors for it than for any other mental phenomenon. Early theories predicted a memory â€Å"Ingram†24, a literal text written by the body to describe past experiences. Freud popularized descriptions of repressed memories, experiences physically buried in the depths of the subconscious. Modern descriptions are dominated by analogies to computers, in which the human brain is a hard disk that stores experience in electronic files and folders. Our memory represents a change in who we are. Our habits, our ideologies, our hopes and fears are all influenced by what we remember in the past. At the most basic level, we remember because the connections between our brains’ neurons change; each experience primes the brain for the next experience. 8. How does the Brain process information Chris McKee said that information processing starts with input from the sensory organs, which transform physical stimuli such as touch, heat, sound waves, or photons of light into electrochemical signals. The sensory information is repeatedly transformed by the algorithms of the brain in both bottom-up and top-down processing. For example, when looking at a picture of a black box on a white background, bottom-up processing puts together very simple information such as color, orientation, and where the borders of the object are – where the color changes significantly over a short space – to decide that you are seeing a box. Top-down processing uses the decisions made at some steps of the bottom-up process to speed up your recognition of the box. Top-down processing in this example might help you identify the object as a black box rather than a box-shaped hole in the white background. Once information is processed to a degree, an attention filter decides owe important the signal is and which cognitive processes it should be made available to. For example, although your brain processes every blade of grass when you look down at your shoes, a healthy attention filter prevents you from noticing them individually. In contrast, you might pick out your name, even when spoken in a noisy room. There are many stages of processing, and the results of processing are 9. Why do some people have better memory than other people According to Joyce Ward, people vary in the efficiency of their long-term memory. Some have a good memory and some poor long-term memory. This is probably determined partly by hereditary. But research has shown that most of the difference between people with good and poor memory can be attributed to the methods they use to learn that information in the first place. By developing the appropriate memory strategies we automatically store information in a more organized and efficient way that makes it easier for us to locate when we need it. Despite individual differences in memory, research indicates that in most people memory can be improved significantly by appropriate training. His does not mean that we can enlarge the storage capacity of our memory, what it means is that we can make our Emory more efficient, so that it is more likely to absorb new information and hold that information in a way that makes it easy for us to find it again immediately when we need it. In order for the brain to process information, it must first be stored. There are multiple types of memory, including sensory, working, and long-term. First, information is encoded. There are types of encoding specific to each type of sensory stimuli. For example, verbal input can be encoded structurally, referring to what the printed word looks like, phonemically, referring to what the word sounds like, or semantically, referring to what the word means. Once information is stored, it must be maintained. Some animal studies suggest that working memory, which stores information for roughly 20 seconds, is maintained by an electrical signal looping through a particular series of neurons for a short period of time. Information in long- term memory is hypothesized to be maintained in the structure of certain types of proteins. 0. Capacity of the Human Memory According to Robert Gonzales, the comparison between the human brain and a computer is not a perfect one, but it does lend itself to some interesting lines of inquiry. The capacity of an average human head varies, depending on who you ask. Some experts estimates it in as low as 1 terabyte or approximately 1000 gigabytes. The reason behind the 100-terabyte estimate still has its fla ws. It assumes, for example, that each synapse store 1 byte of information. In reality, each one could conceivably store more or less than that. 1 1 . Improving the memory No. 1: Stay Mentally Active Just as physical activity helps keep your body in shape, mentally stimulating activities help keep your brain in shape. Do things that challenge your mind such as solving crossword puzzles and learning to play an instrument. No. 2: Socialize regularly Social interaction helps ward of depression and stress, both of which can contribute and other. No. 3: Get organized You are more likely to forget things if your home is cluttered and your notes are in not in order. No. 4: Focus Limit distractions, and don’t try to do many things at once. If you focus on the information that you’re trying to remember, you’ll be more likely to recall it later. Understanding – if we understand the information it will be easier for us to remember, and if we understand how memory works, it is easier to make it work well for us personally Practice – the more often one does an activity, the more likely he/she will member it- Memory Strategies – ways of processing information that will help a person remember well. Organization – this ensure that information is stored in a more meaningful and well-organized way which is easy for the brain to recall it. 2. Tips for enhancing your ability to learn and remember According to helped. Org, these are some ways on how one can enhance his/her ability to learn and remember. 0 Pay attention – You can’t remember something if you never learned it, and you can’t learn something?that is, encode it into your brain?if you don’t pay enough a ttention to it. It takes about eight seconds of intense focus to process a piece of information into your memory. If you’re easily distracted, pick a quiet place where you won’t be interrupted. Involve as many senses as possible. Try to relate information to colors, textures, smells, and tastes. The physical act of rewriting information can help imprint it onto your brain. Even if you’re a visual learner, read out loud what you want to remember. Relate information to what you already know. Connect new data to information you already remember, whether it’s new material that builds on previous knowledge, or something as simple as an dress of someone who lives on a street where you already know someone. For more complex material, focus on understanding basic ideas rather than memorizing isolated details. How to cite Brain Blast! Factors Affecting Retention, Papers

Is The United States Justified In Interfering In Other Countries Essa

Is the United States Justified in Interfering in Other Countries? Is the United States justified in interfering in other countries conflicts? Some people say that it is immoral by interfering with the problems in other countries. Others say since that the United States is a major superpower in the world that we should up hold peace in the world. Looking at the past, the US has been in many conflicts with other countries. An example of this was when World War begun. The United States Army reached France on June 26, 1917, and was greeted with flowers and many cries of ?Vive l' Amerique? or ? Long Live America?. Some Americans felt that they were repaying France for its help during the Revolution. Which was only their opinions. Many years after the first World War the United States entered the depression which gave the US more of an economic concern than the events overseas. A strong isolationist mood set in the country. When the European powers began to prepare and move toward war (World War II), the people of the United States felt that it was necessary to stay out of another conflict. The US later passed the Neutrality Acts which banned arms sales or loans to countries at war. War later broke out in Europe which caused many Americans to support the Allies, but few wanted to be drawn into war. The United States finally entered the was when Japan air forces bombed the US Naval Base- Pearl Harbor. The US was stunned at this sudden attack and later declared war on Japan. Three days later Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. These past events showed that the United States had mixed feelings on the idea of neutrality. During the first World War the US were some what proud to be part of war. While during the second world war the United States wanted to stay away from the fighting Europe. Now at the present the United States has used their power to control and maintain integrity of many worldly conflicts. But involvement has caused some discretion between the American citizens. On May 13, 1998 President Clinton decided to reprimand India for testing nuclear weapons.